Male reproductive cells are produced in testicles and female reproductive cells are produced in ovaries. For a successful IVF treatment, there needs to be a sufficient amount of both male and female reproductive cells. The female also needs to have a healthy uterus. If, for example, the male patient cannot produce a sufficient amount of healthy sperms, the IVF treatment cannot be successful. In such cases, the couple has to employ sperm donation. Sperm donation is required generally for these cases:
⊕ When testicles are removed as a treatment for a disease such as testicular cancer.
⊕ When there is an advanced stage of morphologic anomaly in the sperms.
⊕ When there is a chromosomal anomaly.